PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian							66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic							100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian			Neocomian							125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
				Visean										330.9
				Tournaisian										346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
				Pragian										407.6
				Lochkovian										410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
			Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
				Aeronian										438.5
				Rhuddanian										440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian				443.8
				Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
				Katian						Berounian				449.7 *
Sandbian				453
				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †				458 *
Middle Ordovician			Darriwilian					458.4
								Dobrotivian	458.5 *
								Oretanian	459.7 *
				Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian	Klabava †					467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian	468
Early Ordovician			Floian					Arenigian	470
Early Ordovician			Tremadocian	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
			Stage 10				Festiniogian		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian				Festiniogian		489.5
			Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian				Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids					497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai					509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635