PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Devonian of France	Cambrian of Siberia			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene							MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene							MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene							MP 16			37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene							MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene							MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Gzhelian												Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian												Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian												Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai			Waucoban †				509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
							Dyeran		Toyonian			511 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
							Montezuman					514.8 *
							Montezuman		Atdabanian			515.6 *
							Begadean		Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
															538.8