PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of North America					Cambrian of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian									0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Chibanian															Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian															Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian															Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean						Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian															Waipipian			3
		Zanclean															Waipipian			3.6
																	Opoitian			3.7
											Baodean						Opoitian			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian															Tongaporutuan			7.246
																Southland	Waiauan			11.04
											Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Serravallian															Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian									Shanwangian						Lillburnian			13.82
																	Clifdenian			15.1
																Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian																		15.98
											Xiejiaan									16.9
																	Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
																	Duntroonian			25.2
																	Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian																Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
																Arnold	Runangan			34.6
																	Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian															Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian															Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian															Bortonian			41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
																	Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian															Heretaungan		Bumbanian	47.8
																	Mangaorapan			48.9
																	Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian															Teurian	Gashatan		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian															Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian															Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian														Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
																	Mangaotanean			90.5
																	Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian															Arowhanan			93.9
																Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
																	Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															Motuan			100.5
																	Urutawan			103.3
																Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian															Korangan			113
		Aptian																		117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
							Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian				450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian	453				Chatfieldian
			Turinian				453.7 *
			Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian				Zahorany †/Vinice			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
								Arenigian					468
						Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
						Stairsian								480.3 *
						Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					Datsonian	485.4
															Payntonian	486.8 *
																487.5
										Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian					Iverian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian					Iverian	493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian					Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids								Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian													Boomerangian	499
		Drumian													Undillan	500.5
		Drumian		Floran											503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian											504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian	Caerfai		509
		Stage 4					510.8 *
		Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
																				538.8