PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of China			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Eastern North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian						Cenozoic 3					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian						Cenozoic 2						Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1					Gashatan			56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian						Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian						Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian						Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian						Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian						Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Permian 2								273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian						Permian 1								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5								298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian			315.2
			Huashibanian		318.5 *
			Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian					Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian						Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian					Guniu †/Hulo		Ordovician 3	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian					Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Ordovician 3	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian							Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian							Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian							Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian						Lianghekou †	Ordovician 1	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
								Dolgellian/Trempealeauan						Sunwaptan	487.5
								Festiniogian							489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													489.5
														Steptoean	493 *
								Maentwrogian							493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids									Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan										Cambrian 3	Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan											Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3										Cambrian 2	Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1			529
																538.8