PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan								Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian								Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian								Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian								Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian								Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean								Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian								Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian								Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian								Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
												Hemingfordian				16.3
												Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
												Whitneyan				29.5
												Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian								Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian								Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian								Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian								Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian								Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian								Bridgerian				47.8
												Wasatchian				50.5
												Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian								Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian								Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian								Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian								Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian								Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian			66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic			100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg			477.7
							Varangu			481.3 *
							Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort	Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
											Payntonian		486.8 *
													Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian				489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Iverian			489.5
													Steptoean	493 *
										Maentwrogian				493.1 *
Paibian			Idamean							Maentwrogian	494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	St Davids							Mindyallan	Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian						499
		Drumian		Undillan						500.5
		Drumian		Floran						503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian						Stage 5 †		Topazan		504.5
				Templetonian								Delamaran		506.5
				Ordian										507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4	Caerfai	Ordian									Waucoban †	509
														510.8 *
												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3										Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
												Begadean		519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2												521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
		Ectasian													1200
		Calymmian													1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
		Orosirian			1800
		Rhyacian			2050
		Siderian			2300
Archean	Neoarchean				2500
	Mesoarchean				2800
	Paleoarchean				3200
	Eoarchean				3600
Hadean					4000
																4600