PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Devonian of Eastern North America		European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian																Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean																Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian																Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian																Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian																Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian																Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian																Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian																Agenian	20
				Aquitanian																Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian																	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †										298.9
				Kasimovian							Mapingian †										303.7
				Kasimovian																	305.9
				Moscovian																	307
				Bashkirian																	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
							Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
							Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
							Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
							Nabala		Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
							Nabala		Edenian				450.4 *
						Viru	Rakvere		Edenian				450.6 *
							Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
							Oandu						452 *
			Sandbian				Keila					Idavere †	453
							Keila		Turinian				453.7 *
							Haljala						453.9
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku							458.4
							Lasnamagi							458.9 *
							Aseri							460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
							Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian												467.3
									Rangerian						469.1 *
							Billingen		Rangerian						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg									473.7 *
									Tulean							473.9 *
			Tremadocian						Tulean							477.7
									Stairsian							480.3 *
							Varangu		Stairsian							481.3 *
	Skullrockian						Varangu		Demingian †						482 *
							Pakerort		Demingian †						482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan							485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
										Festiniogian							489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Festiniogian							489.5
			Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian							493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids								497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian															Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
			Stenian	Yurmatian														1100
			Ectasian	Yurmatian														1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan	1375
																					1400