PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain	Silurian of North America			Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian			3
		Zanclean							Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian			13.82
									Clifdenian			15.1
								Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian			23.03
									Duntroonian			25.2
									Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
								Arnold	Runangan			34.6
									Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian			41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
									Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan			47.8
									Mangaorapan			48.9
									Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian			56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
		Campanian							Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
									Mangaotanean			90.5
									Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan			93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
									Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan	Gallic		100.5
									Urutawan			103.3
								Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian							Korangan			113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian		438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian	494							Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids						497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
												538.8