PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of China			Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian												Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean												Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian												Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian												Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian												Astaracian	11.63
		Langhian												Astaracian	13.82
		Burdigalian												Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian												Agenian	20
		Aquitanian												Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Zechstein	Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Rotliegendes	Midian		259.51
		Wordian											Midian		264.28
		Wordian											Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian											Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian											Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian										Autunian	Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian											Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian											Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian							Bursumian †				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian						298.9
		Kasimovian							Missourian						303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10				Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids					Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian			498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai					Branchian	Early Cambrian			509
		Stage 3								Branchian				514
		Stage 3								Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8