PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian					66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic					100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras				168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
							Planulata				179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
							Kanense				181.3 *
							Carlottense				182.3 *
							Kunae				183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae				184.2
							Freboldi				185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis			190.3 *
		Sinemurian									192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				485.4
		Stage 10				Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Festiniogian				489.5
		Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids					497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
											538.8