PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of China			Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes			259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian								Autunian			283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
				Asselian		Kuzel									297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel									298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
							Stephanian B								300.9 *
							Stephanian A								301.4 *
				Kasimovian			Stephanian A								303.7
				Kasimovian			Cantabrian								305 *
				Moscovian			Cantabrian								307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D								307.4 *
							Westphalian C								309.8
							Westphalian B								314.6
				Bashkirian			Westphalian B								315.2
							Westphalian A								317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian								318.8 *
							Marsdenian								320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian								321.5 *
							Alportian								322 *
							Chokierian								323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian								323.2
							Arnsbergian								324 *
							Pendleian								327.4 *
				Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †								330.9
						Livian	Asbian †								336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian								340.2 *
				Tournaisian		Ivorian									346.7
				Tournaisian		Hastarian									353.7 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
				Pragian											407.6
				Lochkovian											410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli											Ohesaare	419.2
			Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
				Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
				Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian			Rootsikula	427.4
											Gleedonian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
											Whitwellian				429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian											430.5
				Sheinwoodian										Jaani	431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian										Jaani	433.4
				Telychian										Adavere	434 *
				Aeronian										Adavere	438.5
				Aeronian										Raikkula	439.4 *
				Rhuddanian										Raikkula	440.8
				Rhuddanian										Juuru	441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †					443.8
				Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †					445.2
				Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
				Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
				Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
				Dapingian				Dapingian							467.3
Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian	470
	Tremadocian		Xinchangian	477.7
	Tremadocian		Xinchangian	Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
		Stage 10		Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian		Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian		Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids						497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
															1400