PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128338 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Permian of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Senonian	66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Gallic	100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian											Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian							Buntsandstein		251.902
				Changhsingian			Baoqingian									253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian									254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Laibinian									257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan			Capitanian				Ohre/Aller		259.51
				Wordian			Kuhfengian			Wordian				Leine		264.28
				Roadian			Kuhfengian			Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian			Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
				Kungurian							Hessian					281.9 *
				Artinskian												283.5
							Longlinian									285.4 *
										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
				Sakmarian							Lenoxian					290.1
				Asselian			Zisongian				Nealian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian						Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
				Gzhelian												300.1
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian									Middle Pennsylvanian			307
				Bashkirian									Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Late Mississippian			323.2
				Visean									Middle Mississippian			330.9
				Tournaisian									Early Mississippian			346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf				372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian				382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian				387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian				393.3
				Pragian								Siegen				407.6
				Lochkovian								Gedinnine				410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
			Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
Llandovery			Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10		Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian		Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian		Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids		497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai		509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †						538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †						571.7 *
																635