PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of the Baltic			Mesozoic Subages
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian		100.5
									Middle Albian		106.2 *
									Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian		139.8
									Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
									Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian							Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian							Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian							Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian		174.7
									Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
									Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian							Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian							Sevatian		208.5
									Alaunian		213.2 *
									Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian							Tuvalian		227
		Carnian							Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Longobardian		237
		Ladinian							Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian							Illyrian		242
									Pelsonian		243.8 *
									Bithynian		244.7 *
									Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian							Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan							Dienerian		251.2
									Griesbachian		251.4 *
					Kathwai				Griesbachian		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai						251.902
											252.4 *
					Chhidru						252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru						254.14
					Kalabagh						255 *
					Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
											265.3 *
					Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb						266.9
		Roadian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian		Pirgu		445.2
				Vormsi		449.6 *
				Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
				Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian		Keila		Idavere †	453
				Haljala			453.9
				Kukruse			456.4 *
				Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku			458.4
				Lasnamagi			458.9 *
				Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
				Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg				477.7
				Varangu				481.3 *
				Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort		Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
										486.3 *
									486.5
								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids			497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai			509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
											538.8