PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain			Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian								3
		Zanclean					Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian								13.82
							Clifdenian								15.1
						Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian								23.03
							Duntroonian								25.2
							Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
						Arnold	Runangan								34.6
							Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian								41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
							Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan								47.8
							Mangaorapan								48.9
							Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian								56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian					Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
							Mangaotanean								90.5
							Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan								93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
							Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan								100.5
							Urutawan								103.3
						Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian					Korangan								113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill			Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc			Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
							Berounian	Streffordian	449.7 *
								Cheneyan	451.5 *
								Burrellian	452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †		454.2 *
			Longvillian †								455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Aurelucian					456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian										457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
							Dobrotivian						458.5 *
							Oretanian						459.7 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
							Arenigian						468
			Arenig		Fennian								468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian								470
					Whitlandian								471.1 *
					Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian		Tremadocian						477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian								480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10											Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian									493.1 *
		Paibian		Maentwrogian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids									497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai									509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
															538.8