PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian							Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian							Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian							Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Senonian		66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Gallic		100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian												Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Melekhovian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Zechstein					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian											264.28
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Kungurian											Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian									Autunian		Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian											Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian											Dorogomilovian			303.7
													Khamovnikian			304.8
													Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian											Myachkovian			307
													Podolskian			308.9 *
													Kashirian			311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
			Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Prikamian	318.6 *
			Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian					Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Pusgillian	449.5
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
									Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †					455.2 *
					Longvillian †				Aurelucian	456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Aurelucian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
					Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
					Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian		Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian				Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
							Lianghekou †	Migneintian			477.9 *
								Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan								Datsonian	485.4
					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan								Payntonian	486.8 *
					Festiniogian								Payntonian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Festiniogian								Iverian	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian								Iverian	493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian								Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids									Mindyallan	497
													Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
													Boomerangian		499
		Drumian											Undillan		500.5
		Drumian											Floran		503
		Wuliuan											Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan											Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai									Ordian	Branchian	509
		Stage 4													510.8 *
		Stage 3													514
		Stage 3												Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8