PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128253 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Chibanian																Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian																Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian																Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian																Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian																Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian																Waipipian		3
		Zanclean																Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean																Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian															Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian																Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian																Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian															Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian																Waiauan		11.63
		Serravallian																Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian																Lillburnian		13.82
																		Clifdenian		15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian																Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian																Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian																Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Waitakian		23.03
																		Duntroonian		25.2
																		Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																		Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian																Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian																Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian																Bortonian		41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																		Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian																Heretaungan		47.8
																		Mangaorapan		48.9
																		Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Teurian		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian																Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian																Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian															Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
																		Mangaotanean		90.5
																		Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian																Arowhanan		93.9
																	Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
																		Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																Motuan		100.5
																		Urutawan		103.3
																	Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian																Korangan		113
		Aptian																		117.5
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian				Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang										Pusgillian	449.5
												Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Berounian						Streffordian		449.7 *
													Cheneyan		451.5 *
													Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Aurelucian					456.8 *
														Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
											Liben †			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian						Guniu †/Hulo			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
							Dobrotivian											458.5 *
							Oretanian											459.7 *
													Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
											Sarka †							461.7 *
									Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Sarka †							466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian								Klabava †							467.3
							Arenigian											468
												Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			470							Fennian
						Whitlandian							471.1 *
						Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
										Lianghekou †		Migneintian	477.9 *
												Cressagian	480.8 *
												Cressagian	Mansian †					483.55 *
													Mansian †					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian						485.4
		Stage 10				Festiniogian													489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
				Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian	492.2 *
					Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian				494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids		Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai		Amgan/Solvan					509
					Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
					Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian					514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian					521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
																				538.8