PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Germany
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian							100.5
					Middle Albian							106.2 *
					Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian							113
		Aptian			Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian							139.8
					Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
					Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian							174.7
					Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
					Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian			Sevatian							208.5
					Alaunian							213.2 *
					Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian							227
		Carnian			Julian							233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian							237
		Ladinian			Fassanian							239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian							242
					Pelsonian							243.8 *
					Bithynian							244.7 *
					Aegean							245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian							247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian							248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian							251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian							251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian					264.28
		Roadian					Kuhfengian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian					273.01
		Artinskian					Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian					Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian					Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian					Zisongian					293.52
		Asselian							Kuzel			297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				300.1
				Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian					Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian			Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian			Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									489.5
					Aksaian					490.7 *
					Sakian					492.2 *
									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids				Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai					509
									Toyonian	510 *
									Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian	514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
												538.8