PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Precambrian of Russia	Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian	Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan		Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4			Late Albian		100.5
											Middle Albian		106.2 *
											Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3			Late Aptian		113
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3			Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian							Late Berriasian		139.8
											Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
											Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian				Jurassic 6			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5			Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian				Jurassic 4			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian							Late Bajocian		168.2
				Bajocian							Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian				Jurassic 3			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian		174.7
											Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
											Early Toarcian		182.9 *
				Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
				Sinemurian				Jurassic 1			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian				Jurassic 1			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4					201.4
				Norian							Sevatian		208.5
											Alaunian		213.2 *
											Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian				Triassic 3			Tuvalian		227
				Carnian				Triassic 3			Julian		233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian			237
			Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
			Anisian		Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian			247.2
			Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
			Induan		Dienerian			251.2
			Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian	Devonian 4		Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				497
			Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				Branchian	509
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Branchian	514
Placentian			Stage 3		517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
													1400