PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian		3
				Zanclean						Waipipian		3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan		7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian		13.82
										Clifdenian		15.1
									Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian		15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			Waitakian		23.03
										Duntroonian		25.2
										Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
									Arnold	Runangan		34.6
										Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian		MP 16				Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian		MP 16				Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Bortonian		41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
										Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Heretaungan		47.8
										Mangaorapan		48.9
										Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Teurian		56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian	Senonian	66
				Campanian						Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
										Mangaotanean		90.5
										Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan		93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
										Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan	Gallic	100.5
										Urutawan		103.3
									Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian						Korangan		113
				Aptian								117.5
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
			Kimmeridgian					149.2
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Pliensbachian					184.2
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10				Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian				Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian				Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian	Albertian †		497
			Guzhangian						Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan	Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4	Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran			514
				Montezuman			514.8 *
				Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
				Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian				Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau				1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan				1375
												1400