PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian		MN 17				Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian		MN 17				Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16				Mangapanian		2.58
						MN 16				Waipipian		3
						MN 15						3.2
				Zanclean								3.6
										Opoitian		3.7
						MN 14						4.2
						MN 13						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian		MN 12						7.246
						MN 11						7.75
						MN 10						8.7
						MN 9						9.7
						MN 9			Southland	Waiauan		11.04
						MN 7 + 8						11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8						11.63
						MN 6						12.8 *
						MN 6				Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian		MN 5				Lillburnian		13.82
										Clifdenian		15.1
									Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian		MN 4						15.98
						MN 3						16.9
						MN 3				Otaian		18.7
						MN 2						20
				Aquitanian								20.44
									Landon	Waitakian		21.7
						MN 1						22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
										Duntroonian		25.2
										Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
									Arnold	Runangan		34.6
										Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian		41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
										Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan		47.8
										Mangaorapan		48.9
										Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian		56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian		66
				Campanian						Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
										Mangaotanean		90.5
										Arowhanan		93.7
Cenomanian				93.9						Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian		Korangan		113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10	Festiniogian				489.2 *
			Jiangshanian	Festiniogian				489.5
			Jiangshanian	Maentwrogian				493.1 *
			Paibian	Maentwrogian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids				497
			Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian				Caerfai	509
			Stage 3	Branchian					514
			Stage 3	Placentian					517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400