PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean								Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean								Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian								Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian								Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian								Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian								Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan						150
					Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian			Warepan						208.5
					Otamitan						217
					Oretian						221
		Carnian			Oretian						227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian			Etalian						238
		Anisian			Etalian						242
		Anisian			Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian						249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein	Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein	Longtanian †		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian				264.28
		Wordian		Barettian				266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	Autunian			283.5
				Telfordian				285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian				509
		Stage 3				Branchian				514
		Stage 3				Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8