PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene													0.129
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene													0.774
				Gelasian		Early Pleistocene													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene												Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian		Late Miocene											Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian		Middle Miocene											Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian													Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene													15.98
				Aquitanian		Early Miocene													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene													33.9
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene													37.71
				Lutetian		Middle Eocene													41.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene													56
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene													59.2
				Danian		Early Paleocene													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian										Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Bajocian										Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Aalenian										Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
														Planulata					179.3 *
														Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
														Kanense					181.3 *
														Carlottense					182.3 *
														Kunae					183.5 *
				Pliensbachian										Kunae					184.2
														Freboldi					185.1 *
														Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
															Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
														Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
				Sinemurian															192.9
														Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
														Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
				Hettangian										Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
				Induan															251.2
Kathwai				Induan	251.5 *
Kathwai	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
					252.4 *
Chhidru					252.9 *
Chhidru				Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
Kalabagh							255 *
Wargal							256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
				Wordian			264.28
							265.3 *
Amb							266.1 *
Amb				Roadian			266.9
				Roadian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
				Artinskian			283.5
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
				Kasimovian			303.7
				Moscovian			307
				Bashkirian			315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
				Visean		330.9
				Tournaisian		346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
			Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
				Aeronian			438.5
				Rhuddanian			440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
				Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
				Sandbian					453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
				Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
				Dapingian			Arenigian				468
			Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
				Jiangshanian							489.5
				Paibian							494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
				Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
				Drumian									500.5
				Wuliuan	Stage 5 †								504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian								509
				Stage 3	Branchian								514
				Stage 3	Placentian								517.1
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian												635
			Tonian												720
			Tonian											Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
			Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																			1400