PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan		150
														Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian										Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Pliensbachian										Ururoan		184.2
				Pliensbachian										Aratauran		188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
				Norian										Warepan		208.5
														Otamitan		217
														Oretian		221
				Carnian										Oretian		227
				Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan		237
				Ladinian										Etalian		238
				Anisian										Etalian		242
				Anisian										Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian					Malakovian		247.2
				Olenekian										Nelsonian		249
				Induan										Nelsonian		251.2
				Induan									DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian								Makarewan		251.902
						Meishanian								Waiitian		253.2
						Baoqingian										253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
														Puruhauan		254.2
											Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
						Laibinian						Vyatkian				257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
				Wordian		Kuhfengian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian		Flettian		264.28
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian		Barettian		266
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
												Irenian/Ufimian		Mangapirian		276
												Filipovian				276.5 *
												Saraninian				280.1 *
				Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
														Telfordian		285
						Longlinian										285.4 *
												Irginian				285.9 *
												Burtsevian				287.8 *
												Burtsevian				288.5
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
				Asselian		Zisongian					Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
												Uskalykian				294.8
												Surenian				297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Gzhelian												300.1
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
				Visean												330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian				425.6
			Gorstian		Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas		Gleedonian	427.4
				Wych	Woolhope		Gleedonian	428.4 *
							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Telychian					436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
			Aeronian	Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
			Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian					498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian					509
		Stage 3	Branchian					514
		Stage 3	Placentian					517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †					Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Wonokan †	Vendian †					571.7 *
																635