PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128254 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of China		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of North America	Silurian Ages of Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian							66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic							100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian							125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian											Bursumian †			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Virgilian			298.9
				Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian			Virgilian			300 *
				Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian			Missourian			303.7
												Dalaun			Missourian			305.8 *
															Desmoinesian			305.9 *
				Moscovian											Desmoinesian			307
				Moscovian											Atokan			312.7 *
				Bashkirian											Atokan			315.2
															Morrowan			318.4 *
												Huashibanian						318.5 *
												Lousuan						321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Dewunian			Chesterian			323.2
				Serpukhovian								Shangsian						330.8 *
				Visean								Shangsian						330.9
												Jiusian						335 *
															Meramecian			335.8 *
															Osagean			343.1 *
				Tournaisian								Tangbagouan			Osagean			346.7
				Tournaisian								Tangbagouan			Kinderhookian			351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian														393.3
				Pragian														407.6
Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian	Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian			477.7
							Lianghekou †	477.9 *
							Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Datsonian	Late Cambrian		485.4
			Stage 10							Payntonian			486.8 *
			Jiangshanian							Iverian			489.5
					Aksaian								490.7 *
					Sakian								492.2 *
			Paibian							Idamean			494
			Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Idamean			494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian					Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian		497
										Mindyallan			Arcadian	498.4
	Boomerangian									499
	Boomerangian				Mayan/Menevian					499.5
	Drumian		Undillan							500.5
	Drumian		Floran							503
	Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan		Templetonian					504.5
	Wuliuan				Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian	Early Cambrian		509
			Toyonian			Lenian †							510 *
			Toyonian										510.8 *
			Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian										514
			Atdabanian										515.6 *
			Atdabanian							Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian										521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																		1400