PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia						Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian							Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian							Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian							Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian							Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian							Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian							Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian							Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian								Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian								Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian									Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian		Gamachian	445.2
					Richmondian	446 *
					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian		Chatfieldian		453
					Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
			Dapingian					467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian		Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian		Tulean				477.7
					Stairsian				480.3 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10						487.5
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
			Guzhangian						Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian	509
	Stage 3		514						Branchian
	Stage 3		Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400