PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian											Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian											Waipipian			3
				Zanclean											Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean											Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian											Tongaporutuan	Pannonian		7.246
				Tortonian										Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian		11.04
				Serravallian												Sarmatian		11.63
																Badenian		12.8 *
															Lillburnian	Badenian		13.05
				Langhian											Lillburnian			13.82
															Clifdenian			15.1
														Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian											Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian											Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian											Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian			23.03
															Duntroonian			25.2
															Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
														Arnold	Runangan			34.6
															Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian											Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian			41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
															Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian											Heretaungan			47.8
															Mangaorapan			48.9
															Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian			56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian											Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
															Mangaotanean			90.5
															Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian											Arowhanan			93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
															Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan			100.5
															Urutawan			103.3
														Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian											Korangan			113
				Aptian														117.5
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian	Volkhov						467.3
			Dapingian	Billingen						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian	Hunneberg						477.7
				Varangu						481.3 *
				Pakerort						482.2 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
										Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian							Iverian				489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian							Idamean				494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Paibian							Idamean			494.7 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Mindyallan							Ayusokkanian			497
			Mindyallan										Arcadian	498.4
			Boomerangian											499
			Boomerangian							Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian	Undillan											500.5
		Drumian	Floran											503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian							Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian											507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4											Branchian	509
										Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
										Toyonian				510.8 *
										Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian				514
										Atdabanian				515.6 *
										Atdabanian			Placentian	517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2								Tommotian				521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau									800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																		1400