PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan						1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian						2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian						2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian						3
				Zanclean				Waipipian						3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian						3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian				Tongaporutuan						7.246
				Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan						11.04
				Serravallian				Waiauan						11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian						13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian						13.82
								Clifdenian						15.1
							Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian						15.98
				Burdigalian				Otaian						18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian						20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian						21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian						23.03
								Duntroonian						25.2
								Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
							Arnold	Runangan						34.6
								Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian						41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
								Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan						47.8
								Mangaorapan						48.9
								Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian						56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian						66
				Campanian				Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
								Mangaotanean						90.5
								Arowhanan						93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan						93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
								Motuan						99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan						100.5
								Urutawan						103.3
							Taitai	Korangan						108.4
				Aptian				Korangan						113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
			Induan			251.2
			Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Chhidru	254.14
						Kalabagh	255 *
						Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
			Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
							265.3 *
						Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Amb	266.9
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian		298.9
			Gzhelian				Virgilian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Missourian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
							Missourian		Dalaun	305.8 *
							Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian			307
			Moscovian				Atokan			312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan			315.2
							Morrowan			318.4 *
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian		Chesterian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian			330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian			330.9
							Jiusian			335 *
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan		Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Guzhangian	Arcadian							498.4
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Branchian	514
		Stage 3	Placentian	517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2		521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				1200						Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
														1400