PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian							3
		Zanclean					Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian							13.82
							Clifdenian							15.1
						Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
							Duntroonian							25.2
							Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
						Arnold	Runangan							34.6
							Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian							41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
							Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan		Bumbanian					47.8
							Mangaorapan							48.9
							Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian	Gashatan						56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian					Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
							Mangaotanean							90.5
							Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan							93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
							Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan							100.5
							Urutawan							103.3
						Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian					Korangan							113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel	Mapingian †	298.9
				Stephanian		Stephanian C				300.3 *
						Stephanian B				300.9 *
						Stephanian A				301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A				303.7
						Cantabrian				305 *
										305.9
		Moscovian								307
				Westphalian		Westphalian D				307.4 *
						Westphalian C				309.8
						Westphalian B				314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B				315.2
						Westphalian A				317 *
				Namurian		Yeadonian			318.8 *
						Marsdenian		320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian		323.2
						Arnsbergian		324 *
						Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †		330.9
				Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian				346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
		Telychian	Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian					485.4
		Stage 10					Payntonian					486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian					489.5
		Paibian					Idamean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan					497
							Mindyallan					Arcadian	498.4
							Boomerangian						499
		Drumian					Undillan						500.5
		Drumian			Floran		503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian		Branchian					509
		Stage 4										510.8 *
		Stage 3										514
		Stage 3					Placentian					517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8