PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean					Tertiary †			2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian			Tunggurian								11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum						168.4
		Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
		Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
		Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
		Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein							Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes									259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian									283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
				Huashibanian				318.5 *
				Lousuan				321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian				323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian				330.9
		Visean		Jiusian				335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian				393.3
		Pragian		Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
								Aksaian	490.7 *
								Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	497
									Ayusokkanian	Arcadian		498.4
												499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian		Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian			509
						Toyonian	510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian	514
						Atdabanian	515.6 *
						Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian		521
		Stage 2						525.5
		Fortunian						529
													538.8