PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean									Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean									Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian									Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian									Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian									Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian									Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian									Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian									Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan								150
									Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian					Warepan								208.5
									Otamitan								217
									Oretian								221
				Carnian					Oretian								227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian					Etalian								238
				Anisian					Etalian								242
				Anisian					Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian								249
Induan				251.2					Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Leine		Flettian			264.28
							Barettian			266
								Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian					Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian		273.01
							Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
								Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian	Autunian						283.5
							Telfordian			285
							Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
								Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian					Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian				509
			Stage 3						Branchian				514
			Stage 3						Placentian				517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635