PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian Subages	Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian				Bumbanian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan									56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian									Epizigzagiceras			168.2
		Bajocian									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
		Aalenian									Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
											Planulata			179.3 *
											Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
											Kanense			181.3 *
											Carlottense			182.3 *
											Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian									Kunae			184.2
											Freboldi			185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian									Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian					Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian		Midian					Wordian					264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian					Wordian					266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian					Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian					Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
				Bolorian						Cathedralian				279.8
										Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian												283.5
				Yakhtashian										286
				Yakhtashian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian						Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	Bursumian †			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian					298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian					303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian					307
		Moscovian		Atokan					312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	323.2
		Visean		Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian			Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran			Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4				Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran					514
						Montezuman					514.8 *
						Montezuman			Placentian		517.1
						Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8