PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian		Mangapanian				2.58
					Villanyian		Waipipian				3
					Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
					Vallesian						8.7
					Vallesian	Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian			Astaracian		Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian				13.82
							Clifdenian				15.1
						Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian			Orleanian		Altonian				15.98
					Orleanian		Otaian				18.7
					Agenian						20
		Aquitanian									20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian				23.03
							Duntroonian				25.2
							Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
						Arnold	Runangan				34.6
							Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian				41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
							Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan				47.8
							Mangaorapan				48.9
							Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian				56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian					Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
							Mangaotanean				90.5
							Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan				93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
							Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan				100.5
							Urutawan				103.3
						Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian					Korangan				113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian		259.51
		Wordian		Midian		264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian				Pirgu		445.2
						Vormsi		449.6 *
						Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
			Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Keila			Idavere †		453
			Haljala					453.9
			Kukruse					456.4 *
			Uhaku			Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku					458.4
			Lasnamagi					458.9 *
			Aseri					460.4 *
			Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
						Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort				485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian	509
		Stage 3							Branchian	514
		Stage 3		Placentian					517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
											538.8