PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of Western Europe
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian			Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum				168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons					180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
		Asselian							Kuzel			297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel			298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
										Stephanian B		300.9 *
										Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian								Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian	307							Cantabrian
			Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
				Westphalian C		309.8
				Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	315.2
				Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Datsonian	485.4
						Payntonian	486.8 *
						Payntonian	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian				Iverian	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian				Iverian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				Idamean	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian	Albertian †	Mindyallan	497
							Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
							Boomerangian		499
		Drumian					Undillan		500.5
		Drumian					Floran		503
		Wuliuan			Topazan		Templetonian		504.5
					Delamaran		Templetonian		506.5
							Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †	Ordian	Branchian	509
									510.8 *
					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran				514
					Montezuman				514.8 *
					Montezuman			Placentian	517.1
					Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
												538.8