PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		European Faunal Zones	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian			MN 17						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16	Villanyian					2.58
							MN 16	Ruscinian					3.1 *
							MN 15						3.2
				Zanclean			MN 15						3.6
							MN 14						4.2
							MN 13						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian			MN 13	Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian			MN 12						7.246
							MN 11						7.75
							MN 10	Vallesian					8.7
							MN 9						9.7
							MN 7 + 8						11.1
				Serravallian			MN 7 + 8	Astaracian					11.63
				Serravallian			MN 6						12.8 *
				Langhian			MN 5						13.82
				Burdigalian			MN 4	Orleanian					15.98
							MN 3	Orleanian					16.9
							MN 2	Agenian					20
				Aquitanian			MN 2						20.44
				Aquitanian			MN 1						22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
				Wuchiapingian									254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian			259.51
Wordian				Urzhumian	264.28
Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Filipovian	276.5 *
					Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †			293.52
					Uskalykian				294.8
					Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian			298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian			303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian			307
			Moscovian			Atokan			312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan			315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan			318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
	Sunwaptan		Stage 10							487.5
	Sunwaptan		Jiangshanian							489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian							493 *
	Steptoean		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian						Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran						Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
													1400