PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan								150
								Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian				Warepan								208.5
								Otamitan								217
								Oretian								221
				Carnian				Oretian								227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian				Etalian								238
				Anisian				Etalian								242
				Anisian				Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian								249
				Induan				Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan			DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan								251.902
				Changhsingian				Waiitian								253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Waiitian								254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan								254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian								259.51
				Wordian				Flettian								264.28
				Wordian				Barettian								266
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Kungurian				Mangapirian								276
				Artinskian				Mangapirian								283.5
								Telfordian								285
																288.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
				Visean												330.9
				Tournaisian												346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian											Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian											Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian											Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian											Emsian	393.3
				Pragian											Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian											Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
			Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian										Gleedonian		427.4
				Homerian										Whitwellian		429.7 *
Sheinwoodian					430.5
Llandovery			Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
			Tremadocian		477.7
			Tremadocian		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Datsonian			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
						Payntonian						486.8 *
						Payntonian						Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian			Iverian							489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian			Idamean							494
			Paibian			Idamean					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian	Albertian †			Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
									Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
									Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian						Undillan				500.5
			Drumian						Floran				503
			Wuliuan		Topazan				Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
					Delamaran				Templetonian				506.5
									Ordian				507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4			Waucoban †							509
	Toyonian									Lenian †	510 *
											510.8 *
					Dyeran						511 *
	Botomian										512.5 *
			Stage 3								514
					Montezuman						514.8 *
	Atdabanian				Montezuman						515.6 *
	Atdabanian				Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																1400