PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian							2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian							3
				Zanclean						Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian							13.82
										Clifdenian							15.1
									Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian							23.03
										Duntroonian							25.2
										Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
									Arnold	Runangan							34.6
										Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian							41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
										Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan							47.8
										Mangaorapan							48.9
										Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian							56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian			Lancian/Edmontonian				66
				Campanian						Haumurian			Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
										Mangaotanean							90.5
										Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan							93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
										Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan							100.5
										Urutawan							103.3
									Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian						Korangan							113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
			Kungurian			Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian			Hessian		283.5
			Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
			Sakmarian			Lenoxian		290.1
			Asselian			Nealian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian		427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku			458.4
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Oeland						Kunda	462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
Paibian			494											Steptoean
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Marjumian								Albertian †			497
		Drumian	Marjumian											500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan											504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran											506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran				Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4	Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran								514
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2									521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †			Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran									Vendian †			Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																	1400