PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of the Baltic	European Faunal Zones	Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian									MN 17		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									MN 16		2.58
				Piacenzian									MN 15		3.2
				Zanclean									MN 15		3.6
													MN 14		4.2
													MN 13		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									MN 13		5.333
				Tortonian									MN 12		7.246
													MN 11		7.75
													MN 10		8.7
													MN 9		9.7
													MN 7 + 8		11.1
				Serravallian									MN 7 + 8		11.63
				Serravallian									MN 6		12.8 *
				Langhian									MN 5		13.82
				Burdigalian									MN 4		15.98
													MN 3		16.9
													MN 2		20
				Aquitanian									MN 2		20.44
				Aquitanian									MN 1		22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian		365.3 *
					Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
					Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian		Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
			Telychian		Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
			Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Aksaian						490.7 *
			Sakian						492.2 *
									Steptoean			493 *
	Paibian											494
	Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian					Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †				509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
			Dyeran						Toyonian			511 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
			Montezuman									514.8 *
			Montezuman						Atdabanian			515.6 *
			Begadean						Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †		Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †		Wonokan †		571.7 *
															635