PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of China			Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
				Tortonian																	Pannonian			7.246
				Serravallian																	Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian																	Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian																				13.82
				Burdigalian																				15.98
				Aquitanian																				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
				Bartonian																				37.71
				Lutetian																				41.2
				Ypresian																				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
				Selandian																				59.2
				Danian																				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
				Campanian																				72.1
				Santonian																				83.6
				Coniacian																				86.3
				Turonian																				89.8
				Cenomanian																				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
				Aptian																				113
				Barremian																				121.4
				Hauterivian																				125.77
				Valanginian																				132.6
				Berriasian																				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
				Kimmeridgian																				149.2
				Oxfordian																				154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
				Bathonian																				165.3
				Bajocian														Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian														Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian														Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
																		Planulata						179.3 *
																		Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
																		Kanense						181.3 *
																		Carlottense						182.3 *
																		Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian														Kunae						184.2
																		Freboldi						185.1 *
																		Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
																			Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
																		Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian																				192.9
																		Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
																		Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian														Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
				Norian																				208.5
				Carnian																				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
				Wordian																				264.28
Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian		449.5
								Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Dapingian			Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian			Arenigian				470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan								485.4
			Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian										Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian								Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian		Marjumian										500.5
			Wuliuan		Topazan										Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran										Stage 5 †	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran								Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4		Dyeran											511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran											514
					Montezuman											514.8 *
					Begadean											519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian																	Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	Karatau	1000
		Stenian																	Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																	Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																	Burzyan	1375
																								1400