PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of North America						Devonian of Germany			Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian Subages of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
				Tortonian																			7.246
				Serravallian																			11.63
				Langhian																			13.82
				Burdigalian																			15.98
				Aquitanian																			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian														33.9
				Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan														37.71
				Lutetian																			41.2
				Ypresian						Bumbanian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan														56
				Selandian																			59.2
				Danian																			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
				Campanian																			72.1
				Santonian																			83.6
				Coniacian																			86.3
				Turonian																			89.8
				Cenomanian																			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
				Aptian																			113
				Barremian																			121.4
				Hauterivian																			125.77
				Valanginian																			132.6
				Berriasian																			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
				Kimmeridgian																			149.2
				Oxfordian																			154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
				Bathonian																			165.3
				Bajocian																			168.2
				Aalenian																			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
				Pliensbachian																			184.2
				Sinemurian																			192.9
				Hettangian																			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
				Norian																			208.5
				Carnian																			227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		Buntsandstein	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	Buntsandstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		Ohre/Aller	259.51
				Wordian																		Leine	264.28
				Roadian																			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
				Artinskian																			283.5
				Sakmarian																			290.1
				Asselian																			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																			298.9
				Kasimovian																			303.7
				Moscovian																			307
				Bashkirian																			315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																			323.2
				Visean																			330.9
				Tournaisian																			346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden						358.9
Frasnian			Late Devonian	Adorf	372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian			443.8
			Katian					Gamachian			445.2
								Richmondian			446 *
					Eastonian			Richmondian			449 *
								Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian				450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
					Gisbornian							452 *
			Sandbian									453
								Turinian				453.7 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian								458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian								467.3
					Castlemainian								468.5 *
					Castlemainian			Rangerian					469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Bendigonian									471.8 *
					Lancefieldian									473.5 *
								Tulean						473.9 *
			Tremadocian					Tulean						477.7
								Stairsian						480.3 *
								Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
					Warendian								Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan										485.4
			Stage 10				Sunwaptan									487.5
			Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan									489.5
			Jiangshanian				Steptoean									493 *
			Paibian				Steptoean									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian		Albertian †									Series 3 †	497
	Drumian		500.5		Marjumian
	Wuliuan		Topazan		Stage 5 †												504.5
	Wuliuan		Delamaran		Stage 5 †												506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran		Waucoban †												509
		Stage 4	Dyeran														511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran														514
			Montezuman														514.8 *
			Begadean														519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian																Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau	1000
		Stenian																Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																Burzyan	1375
																							1400