PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene		Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene		Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Induan						251.2
		Induan				Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai		251.902
								252.4 *
						Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru		254.14
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
						Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb		266.9
		Roadian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10				Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					489.5
					Aksaian		490.7 *
					Sakian		492.2 *
						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan		Topazan		Tuesaian	504.5
				Topazan			505.3
				Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Waucoban †		509
						Toyonian	510 *
				Dyeran		Toyonian	511 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3					514
				Montezuman			514.8 *
				Montezuman		Atdabanian	515.6 *
				Begadean		Atdabanian	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
								538.8