PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Sheridanian												0.0117
				Chibanian					Sheridanian												0.129
				Chibanian					Cudahyan/Sappan												0.21
				Calabrian					Cudahyan/Sappan												0.774
				Calabrian					Senecan/Rexroadian												1.4
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
				Zanclean																	3.6
				Zanclean					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian												4.7
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Tortonian					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian												9.4
				Serravallian					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian												11.63
				Serravallian					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian												12.5
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
									Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian												16.3
									late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian											18.5
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
										Monroecreekian											23.1 *
										Geringian											24.7 *
				Rupelian						Geringian											27.82
				Rupelian																	29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian												33.9
				Priabonian																	37
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Bartonian					Late Uintan/Early Uintan												39.7
				Lutetian					Late Uintan/Early Uintan												41.2
				Lutetian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian												46.2
				Ypresian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian												47.8
									Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean												50.5
											Cf3/Cf2/Cf1										54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1										56
				Thanetian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1										56.2
				Selandian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1										59.2
				Selandian							To3/To2/To1										60.9
				Danian							To3/To2/To1										61.6
				Danian							Pu3/Pu2/Pu1										63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian	Midian	264.28
			Wordian	Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian	273.01
					Cathedralian	Bolorian	279.8
					Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian				283.5
						Yakhtashian	286
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	Yakhtashian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Nealian	Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10										Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian										Paibian			494
			Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian				Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian						Marjumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
Wuliuan			Topazan						Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
Wuliuan			Delamaran						Wuliuan/Taijangian						506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran						Waucoban †				Duyunian		509
		Stage 4	Dyeran										Duyunian		511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran										Nangaoian		514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2											Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian											Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian											Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																					1400