PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene				0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	Late Pliocene				2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian	Late Pliocene				3
				Zanclean						Waipipian	Early Pliocene				3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian	Early Pliocene				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene				5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan					7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan	Middle Miocene				11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian					13.82
										Clifdenian					15.1
									Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian	Early Miocene				15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian	Late Oligocene				23.03
										Duntroonian					25.2
										Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian							Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene				33.9
									Arnold	Runangan					34.6
										Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan	Middle Eocene				37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian					41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
										Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan	Early Eocene				47.8
										Mangaorapan					48.9
										Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian	Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian						Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
										Mangaotanean					90.5
										Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan					93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
										Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan					100.5
										Urutawan					103.3
									Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian						Korangan					113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Shangsian	330.9
			Visean		Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
			Tremadocian			477.7
			Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10	Sunwaptan			Niuchehean					487.5
			Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian					489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
				Steptoean								493 *
			Paibian				Paibian					494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
								Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian		Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian				Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian				Drumian		Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Topazan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran			Wuliuan/Taijangian					506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Waucoban †	Duyunian					509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
				Dyeran					Toyonian			511 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3				Nangaoian					514
Montezuman				514.8 *
Montezuman				Atdabanian						515.6 *
Begadean				Atdabanian						519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian			Tommotian			521
			Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
			Fortunian						Manykaian †	529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian					Manykaian †	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400