PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean									0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean									0.0004
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean					Late Pleistocene				0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean					Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Chibanian							Irvingtonian					Middle Pleistocene				0.21
				Calabrian							Irvingtonian					Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Calabrian							Blancan									1.4
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene				2.58
				Zanclean												Early Pliocene				3.6
				Zanclean							Hemphillian					Early Pliocene				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Tortonian							Clarendonian									9.4
				Serravallian							Clarendonian					Middle Miocene				11.63
				Serravallian							Barstovian									12.5
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
											Hemingfordian									16.3
											Arikareean									18.5
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene				23.03
				Rupelian										Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene				27.82
											Whitneyan									29.5
											Orellan									31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene				33.9
				Priabonian							Duchesnean			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene				37
				Bartonian							Duchesnean			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene				37.71
				Bartonian							Uintan									39.7
				Lutetian							Uintan									41.2
				Lutetian							Bridgerian									46.2
				Ypresian							Bridgerian				Bumbanian	Early Eocene				47.8
											Wasatchian									50.5
											Clarkforkian									54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian			Gashatan		Late Paleocene				56
				Thanetian							Tiffanian			Gashatan		Late Paleocene				56.2
				Selandian							Tiffanian					Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Selandian							Torrejonian					Middle Paleocene				60.9
				Danian							Torrejonian					Early Paleocene				61.6
				Danian							Puercan					Early Paleocene				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian		305.9
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
						Kralodvorian			Vormsi	449.6 *
						Berounian			Vormsi	449.7 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Kukruse				456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
								Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi				458.9 *
						Oretanian			Lasnamagi				459.7 *
									Aseri				460.4 *
								Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
							Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
									Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
						Arenigian								468
									Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
									Hunneberg					473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadocian			Hunneberg					477.7
									Varangu					481.3 *
									Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan						Pakerort					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Paibian			494
		Paibian												Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian											Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian												Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan												Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran	506.5											Wuliuan/Taijangian
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †										Duyunian	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran											Duyunian	511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran											Nangaoian	514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian	521
		Fortunian												Meishucunian	529
		Fortunian												Jinnigian	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635