PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Ordovician of North America						Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean																Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian																Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian																Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian																Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian																Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
		Roadian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Artinskian												Autunian					283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian																	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Kralodvorian		Richmondian		446 *
			Berounian		Richmondian		449.7 *
					Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian			450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian			453
					Turinian			453.7 *
					Turinian			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
			Dobrotivian								458.5 *
			Oretanian								459.7 *
						Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
			Arenigian								468
					Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Tulean							477.7
					Stairsian							480.3 *
					Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Skullrockian								485.4
		Stage 10		Sunwaptan											487.5
		Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan											489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean											493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan													Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran													Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †													509
		Stage 4	Dyeran														511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran											514
			Montezuman											514.8 *
			Begadean											519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																			538.8