PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian																Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																	Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Gashatan				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
		Wordian																				264.28
		Roadian																				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
		Artinskian																				283.5
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian																		Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian																		Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian																		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian																		Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian																		Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian																		Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian																		Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		Chesterian		323.2
		Visean																		Chesterian		330.9
																				Meramecian		335.8 *
																				Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian																		Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian																		Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian																			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian																			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill		Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
					Cautleyan				448.9 *
					Pusgillian				449.3 *
			Caradoc		Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
					Cheneyan				Rakvere		451.5 *
					Cheneyan				Oandu		452 *
					Burrellian				Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
								Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
								Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
								Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †				455.2 *
									Kukruse			456.4 *
					Aurelucian							456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Uhaku			458.4
									Lasnamagi			458.9 *
									Aseri			460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Aseri			461.3 *
							Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
									Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
			Arenig		Fennian								468.4 *
									Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
										Latorp †			470.1 *
					Whitlandian								471.1 *
					Whitlandian				Hunneberg				473.7 *
					Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian								477.7
					Cressagian								480.8 *
									Varangu				481.3 *
									Pakerort				482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
													Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														Jiangshanian			489.5
													Aksaian						490.7 *
													Sakian						492.2 *
																		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														Paibian			494
				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian											494.7 *
				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian											Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian						Albertian †			Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian											Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian											Mayan/Menevian			Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan									Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran												Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †						Duyunian		509
													Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
				Dyeran									Toyonian					511 *
													Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3														Nangaoian		514
				Montezuman														514.8 *
				Montezuman									Atdabanian					515.6 *
				Begadean									Atdabanian					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian							Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian												Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian											Jinnigian	Manykaian †		530.7
																						538.8