PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Senonian	66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														Gallic	100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian														Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Melekhovian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian											Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian		Zechstein				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian		Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian						264.28
		Wordian									Urzhumian				Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
											Filipovian						276.5 *
											Filipovian				Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
											Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian		Autunian				283.5
											Irginian						285.9 *
											Irginian				Rusavkinian		287.6 *
											Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian								Asselian	Shikhanian						293.52
											Uskalykian						294.8
											Surenian						297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian													Dorogomilovian		303.7
															Khamovnikian		304.8
															Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian													Myachkovian		307
															Podolskian		308.9 *
															Kashirian		311.4 *
															Vereian		313.8
															Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian													Melekessian		315.2
															Cheremshanian		316.9 *
															Prikamian		318.6 *
															Severokeltmian		319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		358.9
			Middle Famennian		365.3 *
			Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
			Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		382.7
			Middle Givetian		383.7 *
			Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		410.8
			Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
								Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
						Dobrotivian								458.5 *
						Oretanian								459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
						Arenigian								468
							Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan									485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian		489.5											Sunwaptan
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean											493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian		Albertian †									497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan												504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran												506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran		Waucoban †									Branchian	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran												514
				Montezuman												514.8 *
				Montezuman											Placentian	517.1
				Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8