PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene				MP 16			37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene				MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Gzhelian										Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian										Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian										Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †				509
							Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
					Dyeran		Toyonian			511 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3								514
					Montezuman					514.8 *
					Montezuman		Atdabanian			515.6 *
					Begadean		Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian			521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
													538.8