PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Devonian of France	Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Sheridanian			0.0117
				Chibanian									Sheridanian			0.129
				Chibanian									Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
				Calabrian									Cudahyan/Sappan			0.774
				Calabrian									Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †						2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean									Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian									Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
				Serravallian									Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			11.63
				Serravallian									late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
													Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
													late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
														Monroecreekian		23.1 *
														Geringian		24.7 *
				Rupelian										Geringian		27.82
				Rupelian												29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
				Priabonian												37
				Bartonian												37.71
				Bartonian									Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
				Lutetian									Late Uintan/Early Uintan			41.2
				Lutetian									Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
				Ypresian									Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			47.8
													Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
															Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
				Thanetian											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
				Selandian											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
				Selandian											To3/To2/To1	60.9
				Danian											To3/To2/To1	61.6
				Danian											Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian	Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian			Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian		427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan		Topazan					Stage 5 †			504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran					Stage 5 †			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran					Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4		Dyeran								511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran								514
					Montezuman								514.8 *
					Begadean								519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400