PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6										0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean												Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean												Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Tortonian												Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5						Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian												Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian												Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian												Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian												Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3										33.9
				Bartonian						Cenozoic 3										37.71
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2										41.2
				Ypresian						Cenozoic 2										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1										56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8										66
				Campanian						Cretaceous 7										72.1
				Santonian						Cretaceous 6										83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4										100.5
				Aptian						Cretaceous 3										113
				Barremian						Cretaceous 2										121.4
				Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2										125.77
				Valanginian						Cretaceous 1										132.6
				Berriasian						Cretaceous 1										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan								150
												Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian						Jurassic 4										165.3
				Bajocian						Jurassic 4										168.2
				Aalenian						Jurassic 3										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2		Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2		Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian						Jurassic 1										192.9
				Hettangian						Jurassic 1										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian								Warepan								208.5
												Otamitan								217
												Oretian								221
				Carnian						Triassic 3		Oretian								227
				Carnian						Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2		Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian								Etalian								238
				Anisian								Etalian								242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3		Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
						Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †		Permian 1		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian		Missourian					303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian					305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian		Carboniferous 4			307
			Moscovian		Atokan					312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan					315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan					318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean		Chesterian		Carboniferous 2			330.9
					Meramecian					335.8 *
					Osagean					343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean		Carboniferous 1			346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian		Carboniferous 1			351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean			Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian			Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian								Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian								Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									Silurian 2	Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli										Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian									Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian									Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian									Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian									Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian									Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian								Silurian 1	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian									Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian									Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian									Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian									Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian									Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian								Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian								Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Cambrian 5	485.4
			Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
	Paibian		494											Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian								Albertian †		Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian										Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan					Cambrian 3					Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran										Stage 5 †		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran								Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4	Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran					Cambrian 2							514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635