PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian											Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan				56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian												Wordian		264.28
		Roadian												Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian													Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian													Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian												Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian													Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †										Nealian	293.52
		Asselian			Bursumian †		Kuzel								Nealian	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian		Kuzel									298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
								Stephanian B								300.9 *
								Stephanian A								301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian			Stephanian A								303.7
					Missourian			Cantabrian								305 *
					Desmoinesian											305.9 *
		Moscovian														307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D								307.4 *
								Westphalian C								309.8
					Atokan			Westphalian C								312.7 *
								Westphalian B								314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B								315.2
			Westphalian A	317 *
			Westphalian A	Morrowan	318.4 *
			Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
			Warnantian	Meramecian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
			Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Osagean	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian	Osagean		346.7
			Ivorian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
			Hastarian	Kinderhookian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10							Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Paibian				494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian						Marjumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran		Wuliuan/Taijangian			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †	Duyunian		Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran		Duyunian			511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran		Nangaoian			514
								Montezuman					514.8 *
								Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian			530.7
																538.8