PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127980 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of North America
Permian	Cisuralian	Asselian						Bursumian †	293.52
Permian	Cisuralian	Asselian			Kuzel			Bursumian †	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel			Virgilian	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C			300.3 *
						Stephanian B			300.9 *
						Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A		Missourian	303.7
						Cantabrian		Missourian	305 *
								Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D			307.4 *
						Westphalian C			309.8
						Westphalian C		Atokan	312.7 *
						Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B			315.2
						Westphalian A			317 *
						Westphalian A		Morrowan	318.4 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian			318.8 *
						Marsdenian			320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
						Alportian			322 *
						Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian		Chesterian	323.2
						Arnsbergian			324 *
						Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †			330.9
					Warnantian	Brigantian †		Meramecian	335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian			Osagean	346.7
					Ivorian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
					Hastarian			Kinderhookian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10	Sunwaptan						487.5
		Jiangshanian	Sunwaptan						489.5
		Jiangshanian	Steptoean						493 *
		Paibian	Steptoean						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †					497
		Drumian	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4	Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran						514
			Montezuman						514.8 *
			Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
									538.8